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What Are Human Soluble Receptors?
Human soluble receptors are a subset of cell surface receptors that, unlike their membrane-bound counterparts, are found in a soluble form in bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. These receptors are typically produced through the alternative splicing of mRNA or the proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domains of membrane-bound receptors. Functionally, soluble receptors can bind to ligands, such as cytokines, growth factors, or hormones, effectively modulating their activity by preventing them from interacting with membrane-bound receptors on cells.
Soluble receptors play critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. They can act as natural inhibitors, decoy receptors, or even transporters, influencing processes like inflammation, immune response, and cell proliferation. For example, soluble TNF receptors can neutralize tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and thereby regulate inflammation and apoptosis. Similarly, soluble forms of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors modulate immune responses by altering the availability of IL-2.
Understanding the levels and activities of these soluble receptors is essential to help decipher their role in disease mechanisms, which makes them important biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases.
Human Soluble Receptor Panel at Creative Proteomics
At Creative Proteomics, we utilize advanced Luminex xMAP technology for the precise and high-throughput analysis of human soluble receptor panels. This bead-based multiplex assay allows for the simultaneous detection of up to 500 analytes in a single sample, providing unparalleled sensitivity and specificity. Our tailored Human Soluble Receptor 17-Plex and 33-Plex Panels cover a wide range of critical receptors, enabling researchers to gain comprehensive insights into complex biological processes efficiently and cost-effectively.
Detection Method
Magnetic bead-based Luminex multiplex assay
Species
Human
Analytes Detected
| Species | Specification | Protein Targets | Applications | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Human Soluble Receptor 17-plex Panel | N-Cadherin, CD31/PECAM-1, CD44, EphA2, Galectin-3BP/MMAC-2BP, gp130, HB-EGF, ICAM-1/CD54, IL-1 RI, IL-8/CXCL8, IL-4R alpha, MCAM/CD146, L-Selectin/CD62L, ST2/IL-33R, TRAIL R2/TNFRSF10B, uPAR, VEGFR3/FIt-4 | Ideal for studying processes like cell adhesion, inflammation, and angiogenesis. | +Inquiry |
| Human | Human Soluble Receptor 33-plex Panel | 4-1BB/TNFRSF9/CD137, AgRP/ART, APP, CD14, CD23/Fc epsilon RII, CD27/TNFRSF7, CD40 Ligand/TNFSF5, CD117/c-kit, CEACAM-1/CD66a, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, DR3/TNFRSF25, EMMPRIN/CD147, EN-RAGE/S100A12, Endoglin/CD105, Fas/TNFRSF6/CD95, Galectin-1, Galectin-3, Galectin-9, GITR/TNFRSF18, HGFR/C-MET, IFN-gamma R1/CD119, IL-1 RH, Lipocalin-2/NGAL, MAdCAM-1, MMP-2, NCAM-1/CD56, Osteopontin/OPN, PD-L1/B7-H1, RAGE/AGER, P-Selectin/CD62P, TIMP-1, TNF RII/TNFRSF1B, VCAM-1/CD106 | Suitable for extensive research in immunology, oncology, and metabolic disorders. | +Inquiry |
Advantages of the Human Soluble Receptor Luminex Assay
- High Multiplexing Capacity: Luminex xMAP can analyze up to 500 distinct analytes in a single well, allowing researchers to obtain a comprehensive profile of soluble receptors from just 25-50 µL of sample.
- Exceptional Sensitivity: Capable of detecting soluble receptors at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg/mL, Luminex xMAP ensures accurate quantification of even low-abundance proteins.
- High Throughput: The system can process 96 samples per plate and generate up to 3,072 data points per plate, significantly reducing the time required for large-scale studies.
- Cost Efficiency: By consolidating multiple analyte detections into a single assay, Luminex xMAP can reduce costs by up to 50% compared to traditional ELISA methods.
- High Specificity: With cross-reactivity typically below 1%, Luminex xMAP ensures that the detected signals are highly specific to the intended analytes.
Sample Requirements for Human Soluble Receptor Luminex Panel
| Sample Type | Volume Required | Storage Conditions | Handling Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum/Plasma | 50-100 µL | -80°C (long-term), -20°C (short-term) | Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Centrifuge to remove particulates. |
| Cell Lysates | 100-200 µg of protein | -80°C | Use protease inhibitors during lysis. Clarify lysates by centrifugation. |
| Tissue Homogenates | 100-200 µg of protein | -80°C | Homogenize in cold buffer with protease inhibitors. |
| Culture Supernatants | 500-1000 µL | -80°C | Filter to remove cells/debris. Store immediately after collection. |
Why Analyze Human Soluble Receptors?
Elucidating Signal Transduction Pathways: Soluble receptors are integral to the modulation of cell signaling pathways. By binding to ligands in the extracellular environment, these receptors can either enhance or inhibit signal transduction, affecting downstream cellular responses. Detailed analysis of soluble receptor levels and interactions helps to clarify the complexities of these pathways, offering insights into how cells respond to external stimuli.
Investigating Immune System Regulation: Soluble receptors are often involved in the fine-tuning of immune responses. They can act as decoy receptors, binding to cytokines and other signaling molecules to modulate immune activity. Analyzing these receptors provides crucial information on immune system dynamics, helping researchers to understand how immune responses are controlled and how dysregulation may lead to disease.
Advancing Molecular and Cellular Biology: In basic research, the study of soluble receptors is vital for uncovering the fundamental principles of cell biology. These receptors are key players in processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. By analyzing soluble receptor profiles, researchers can gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie these essential biological processes.
Facilitating Drug Discovery and Development: Soluble receptors are important targets in the development of new therapeutics. Understanding their role in disease mechanisms enables the identification of novel drug targets and the assessment of potential therapeutic agents. Analyzing soluble receptors can also help predict therapeutic efficacy and identify biomarkers for drug response.
Optimizing Biotechnological Applications: The analysis of soluble receptors is crucial in biotechnology, particularly in the development of therapeutic antibodies, receptor-based assays, and diagnostic tools. Detailed knowledge of receptor-ligand interactions and receptor dynamics allows for the optimization of these applications, leading to more effective and precise biotechnological innovations.
In addition to preconfigured panels, we also offer customized analysis services. You can customize your own panel through our customization tool, or directly email us the targets you are interested in. A professional will contact you to discuss the feasibility of customization. We look forward to working with you!
What are the advantages of using human soluble receptor panel over individual assays?
Using human soluble receptor panel offers several advantages over conducting individual assays for each receptor. Firstly, the panel allows for multiplexing, meaning you can simultaneously analyze multiple soluble receptors within a single sample. This not only saves time but also conserves precious samples, as you don't need separate aliquots for each test. Additionally, multiplex assays reduce the variability that can occur when running separate assays, ensuring more consistent and reliable results. The integrated approach also enables the identification of patterns and correlations between different receptors, providing a more comprehensive understanding of complex biological processes than what individual assays could offer.
How does the choice of sample type affect the outcome of human soluble receptor panel?
The choice of sample type—whether it's serum, plasma, cell lysates, tissue homogenates, or culture supernatants—can significantly impact the outcome of a human soluble receptor panel analysis. Each sample type has unique properties that can influence the detection of soluble receptors. For instance, serum and plasma are rich in circulating proteins, making them ideal for detecting soluble receptors involved in systemic processes. However, the presence of clotting factors in serum may interfere with the detection of certain receptors, whereas plasma, treated with anticoagulants, might offer a cleaner sample for some analyses.
Cell lysates and tissue homogenates provide insights into intracellular or localized receptor levels, but their preparation requires careful handling to avoid protein degradation or loss, which could skew results. Culture supernatants, on the other hand, reflect the secretory profile of cells under specific experimental conditions, making them useful for studying receptor release in response to stimuli. Ensuring optimal sample handling and storage conditions is crucial to maintaining the integrity of these samples and obtaining accurate, reproducible data.
What factors should I consider when selecting a human soluble receptor panel for my research?
When selecting human soluble receptor panels, several factors should be taken into account to ensure the panel aligns with your research goals. Firstly, consider the biological pathways or disease mechanisms of interest. Choose a panel that includes receptors relevant to these areas, such as those involved in immune regulation, inflammation, or cell signaling.
Another key factor is the detection sensitivity required. If you need to detect low-abundance receptors, ensure the panel offers high sensitivity, possibly with detection limits in the picogram per milliliter range. Additionally, consider the multiplexing capability—how many receptors you need to analyze simultaneously. Panels with higher plex capacity are beneficial for studies requiring broad profiling of multiple receptors in a single run.
You should also think about the compatibility of the panel with your sample type and the availability of validated antibodies for the receptors of interest. Lastly, the scalability of the panel is important, especially if your research might expand to include additional receptors or samples. Customizable panels can offer flexibility, allowing you to adjust the selection of targets as your research progresses.
How can I ensure the accuracy and reliability of my human soluble receptor panel data?
Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of your human soluble receptor panel data involves several critical steps. Start with high-quality sample collection and handling to avoid degradation or contamination, which could affect the integrity of the results. Consistent sample preparation, including proper dilution and centrifugation, is also essential to minimize variability.
Calibration of the assay using known standards and controls is crucial for accurate quantification. Ensure that the calibration curve covers the expected range of receptor concentrations in your samples. Running appropriate negative and positive controls alongside your samples helps to validate the assay's performance, identifying any potential issues with the reagents or procedure.
Additionally, replicate measurements—both technical and biological—are important for assessing the reproducibility of your results. Analyzing multiple aliquots of the same sample (technical replicates) and samples from different biological conditions (biological replicates) can help confirm the consistency of your findings.
Finally, proper data analysis, including statistical evaluation, is necessary to interpret the results accurately. Using software that integrates with the Luminex xMAP system can facilitate data analysis, providing tools for multiplex data management and quality control.
What are the potential challenges when using human soluble receptor panel, and how can they be addressed?
Several challenges may arise when using a human soluble receptor panel, but they can be effectively managed with careful planning and execution. One common challenge is the potential for cross-reactivity among antibodies used in the multiplex assay, which could lead to false-positive results. This can be addressed by choosing well-validated panels and reagents, specifically those with low cross-reactivity profiles.
Another challenge is sample matrix effects, where components in the sample interfere with the assay, leading to inaccurate readings. Matrix effects can be mitigated by proper sample dilution and using appropriate controls to identify and correct for these interferences.
Additionally, data interpretation in multiplex assays can be complex due to the large volume of data generated. To handle this, it's important to use robust data analysis tools and software that are designed to manage multiplex datasets, enabling clear visualization and accurate statistical analysis.
Lastly, ensuring consistency across different batches of reagents and samples can be challenging. Implementing strict quality control measures, such as running standardized controls and ensuring batch-to-batch consistency in reagent production, helps maintain data reliability throughout the study.
