Introduction
Interleukin (IL) -11 is an IL-6 family cytokine found in primate bone marrow stromal cells with a molecular weight of 23KD. IL-11 mediates downstream signal transduction by a common signal transduction molecule glycoprotein 130 (gp130). IL-11 is an anti-inflammatory factor that can inhibit inflammation by directly acting on macrophages and NK cells. IL-11 plays a promoting role in tumorigenesis and development. Upregulate the expression in various malignant diseases, and play a role in promoting cancer proliferation, tumor survival and metastasis by activating JAK / STAT3, RAS / ERK, PI3K / mTOR and other signaling pathways. Targeting IL-11, IL-11R and gp130 and other IL-11 Drugs that treat the target and its downstream signaling pathways (such as JAK / STAT3, RAS / ERK, and PI3K / mTOR) can provide new options for the treatment of IL-11-related tumors. For the reconstruction of bone marrow hematopoietic function after bone marrow transplantation and radiotherapy Sexual blood cell deficiency is of great value.
Mechanism and Function
IL-11 is a cytokine produced by hematopoietic microenvironmental stromal cells with multiple functions. The human IL-11 gene encodes a precursor protein containing 199 amino acids. By removing the 21 amino acid sequence at the N-terminus, it becomes a monomer consisting of 178 amino acids. IL-11 includes three characteristics. First, it has no cysteine residue and no disulfide bond stable structure. Second, there are no sugar chain sites associated with aspartic acid. Third, the isoelectric point is 11.7. The IL-11 gene contains a 7 kb gene sequence, with 5 exons and 4 introns, located on chromosomes 19q13.3-19q13.4.
IL-11 exerts its biological function by binding to IL-11 receptor (IL-11R). As a high-affinity receptor, IL-11R is composed of ligand binding chain α chain and signal transduction chain gp130 (CD130), and belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. JAK tyrosine kinase binds to gp130, causing phosphorylation of tyrosine residues at the distal membrane end of the cytoplasmic region of gp130, thereby binding STAT3 to gp130. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylates the tyrosine of STAT3 and leaves gp130 to form a homodimer. Subsequently, the dimeric STAT3 enters the nucleus for signaling.
IL-11 has effects on hematopoietic stem cells, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes and fat cells. IL-11 can enhance the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells under the growth factor, and promote the differentiation of B cells that produce immunoglobulin under T cell dependence. Besides, IL-11 can increase the production of proteins in the liver during acute inflammation, and inhibit the formation of fat cells. IL-11 used in vivo can effectively shorten the period of bone marrow suppression, accelerate the recovery of white blood cells and platelets. IL-11 cooperates with IL-3 and IL-4 to stimulate the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells at rest, and affects the generation and differentiation of red blood cells. IL-11 can regulate the expression of plasma protein genes in hepatocytes and induce acute phase protein production.
Fig 1. Mechanism of Signaling
Creative Proteomics can provide cytokine detection platform for scientific research. According to different purposes, our dedicated analysts will customize exclusive solutions for you. We aim to provide customers with high-quality and convenient services to help you accelerate the progress of your project.
Our cytokine detection service includes but is not limited to:
- One or more cytokines qualitative and quantitative detection
- Cytokines qualitative and quantitative detection of various species
- Cytokine antibodies qualitative and quantitative detection
Sample requirements
- Sample Types-Blood, serum, plasma, cell culture medium, tissue homogenate, etc.
- Sample Volume - It is optimal for 50 samples. This volume allows for triplicate testing of each sample.
Our advantages:
- Different detection methods can be selected based on different samples and requirements.
- Ensure the specificity and accuracy of the test by using high quality antibodies.
- Repeat the test to ensure the repeatability and accuracy of the experimental results.
- Feedback results are accurate and efficient.
Technology platform:
We mainly provide the Luminex cytokine detection platform. Luminex uses fluorescently encoded microspheres with specific antibodies to different target molecules. The different microspheres can be combined freely to a certain extent so that up to 100 analytes can be tested multiple times simultaneously in a single experiment.
The Luminex cytokine assay platform has the following advantages:
- Multiple detection: simultaneous detection of 100 biological targets
- Short experiment time: 1-3 weeks
- High sensitivity: the lower limit of accurate quantification is as low as 0.1 pg/mL
- Save samples: only need a sample volume as low as 25 μL
- Time saving: the experiment process only takes 4 hours
For your different needs, we can also provide the following detection methods:
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Flow cytometry
Workflow
For more information about the IL-11 detection service or need other detection requirements, please contact us.
References:
- Barton, V, et al. (1999). Identification of three distinct receptor binding sites of murine interleukin-11.J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5755-5761.
- Bilinski, P, et al. (1996). Two differentially expressed interleukin-11 receptor genes in the mouse genome. Biochem J. 320, 359-363.