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What is Apolipoprotein?
Apolipoproteins are essential proteins that serve as key components of lipoproteins, which are responsible for the transport of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides throughout the body. These proteins not only stabilize the structure of lipoproteins but also play a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism, mediating the interaction between lipoproteins and receptors on the surface of cells. There are several classes of apolipoproteins, each with distinct functions. For example, Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) is the primary protein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), facilitating the transport of cholesterol away from tissues and supporting lipid removal processes. In contrast, Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is found in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is essential for lipid transport to peripheral tissues.
Analyzing human apolipoproteins offers valuable insights into lipid transport mechanisms and metabolic regulation. By examining the levels and functionality of specific apolipoproteins, researchers can better understand how lipids are processed and transported, shedding light on broader metabolic pathways. Apolipoprotein analysis helps in studying lipid-related disorders, providing a detailed view of how disruptions in these proteins affect lipid homeostasis. For instance, Apo C2 is involved in the activation of lipoprotein lipase, which breaks down triglycerides in the blood, while Apo E plays a key role in lipid transport and recycling, particularly in the central nervous system.
The study of apolipoproteins is not only important for understanding lipid metabolism but also for exploring their role in cellular communication, inflammation, and signaling pathways. Apolipoproteins can be found in exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that are involved in intercellular communication, making them a focus of interest in exosome research. This analysis is particularly relevant in areas such as biomarker discovery, drug delivery systems, and the investigation of disease-related pathways. Apolipoprotein profiling can help elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind lipid-related processes, providing a deeper understanding of complex biological systems and enabling advances in various fields of research.
Human Apolipoprotein Panel at Creative Proteomics
At Creative Proteomics, we offer Human Apolipoprotein 5-plex Panel analysis using the advanced Luminex xMAP technology, a highly sensitive and multiplexed assay platform. This technology enables the simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple apolipoproteins in a single sample, providing comprehensive insights into lipid metabolism and associated biological processes.
Detection Method
Magnetic bead-based Luminex multiplex assay
Species
Human
Analytes Detected
| Species | Specification | Protein Targets | Applications | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Human Apolipoprotein 5-plex Panel | Apo A1, Apo A2, Apo B, Apo C2, Apo E | Ideal for studying lipid metabolism, cardiovascular health, and exosome research. | +Inquiry |
Advantages of the Human Apolipoprotein Luminex Assay
- High Multiplexing Capacity: Our Luminex xMAP platform can analyze multiple apolipoproteins simultaneously, providing a comprehensive profile from just 25-50 µL of sample. This allows researchers to measure several apolipoproteins in parallel, offering a broad view of lipid-related processes in a single assay.
- Exceptional Sensitivity: With the ability to detect apolipoproteins at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg/mL, the Luminex xMAP system ensures accurate quantification of both high and low-abundance proteins, enabling precise measurement even in complex biological samples such as serum or plasma.
- High Throughput: The system can process up to 96 samples per plate, generating thousands of data points in a single run. This makes it highly efficient for large-scale studies or experiments where multiple apolipoproteins need to be analyzed across various conditions.
- Cost Efficiency: By consolidating multiple analyte detections into a single assay, the Luminex xMAP technology significantly reduces the time, labor, and materials required compared to traditional methods like ELISA. Researchers can save up to 50% in costs while gaining more comprehensive data from each sample.
- High Specificity: The cross-reactivity in Luminex assays is typically below 1%, ensuring that the detected signals are highly specific to the targeted apolipoproteins, minimizing background noise and false positives, and ensuring robust data quality.
Sample Requirements for Human Apolipoprotein Luminex Panel
| Sample Type | Recommended Volume | Collection Instructions | Storage Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | 100 µL | Collect in serum separator tubes, allow clotting for 30 min, then centrifuge for 10 min at 1,000-2,000 x g. | Store at -80°C or transport on dry ice. |
| Plasma (EDTA or Heparin) | 100 µL | Collect in EDTA or heparin-coated tubes, centrifuge immediately after collection for 10 min at 1,000-2,000 x g. | Store at -80°C or transport on dry ice. |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | 200 µL | Collect via lumbar puncture using sterile techniques. Immediately centrifuge to remove any cells or debris. | Store at -80°C. Transport on dry ice. |
| Urine | 200 µL | Collect midstream, preferably in the morning. Centrifuge if necessary to remove particles or debris. | Store at -20°C or transport on dry ice for long-term storage. |
| Cell Culture Supernatant | 500 µL | Collect and centrifuge to remove cells and debris. Supernatant should be sterile-filtered if needed. | Store at -80°C. Transport on dry ice. |
| Tissue Homogenates | 200-500 µL | Homogenize tissue samples in an appropriate buffer. Clarify via centrifugation and collect the supernatant. | Store at -80°C or transport on dry ice. |
| Exosome-enriched Samples | 200 µL | Isolate exosomes using standard ultracentrifugation or exosome isolation kits. | Store at -80°C or transport on dry ice. |
Application of Human Apolipoprotein Panel
- Lipid Metabolism Research
The Human Apolipoprotein Panel is essential for investigating the intricate dynamics of lipid transport and metabolism. By profiling key apolipoproteins such as Apo A1, Apo B, Apo C2, and Apo E, researchers can explore how lipids are mobilized, processed, and regulated in the body. This is particularly useful for studying disorders related to abnormal lipid levels, such as dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia, and understanding the underlying metabolic pathways.
- Cardiovascular Research
Apolipoproteins play a critical role in cardiovascular health, and their analysis is crucial for exploring lipid-related pathways that contribute to heart disease. For example, Apo A1 and Apo B are directly associated with HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, respectively, and can provide insights into lipid transport mechanisms relevant to atherosclerosis, lipid plaque formation, and overall vascular health. This panel can help researchers investigate potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular function.
- Exosome Research
Apolipoproteins are known to be present in exosomes, small extracellular vesicles involved in cell communication and signaling. The Human Apolipoprotein Panel enables the detailed study of exosome-associated apolipoproteins, providing insights into their role in lipid exchange between cells, as well as their impact on various biological processes such as immune response and inflammation. This is a growing area of interest in the study of cell-to-cell communication, cancer research, and regenerative medicine.
- Biomarker Discovery
Apolipoproteins are increasingly being recognized as potential biomarkers for various metabolic and inflammatory conditions. The ability to profile multiple apolipoproteins in one assay allows for the discovery of novel biomarkers that could serve as indicators of disease progression or therapeutic efficacy. This panel supports the identification of apolipoproteins with diagnostic or prognostic value, driving research in biomarker development for diseases like diabetes, liver disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Drug Development and Therapeutic Monitoring
Pharmaceutical researchers can utilize the Human Apolipoprotein Panel to monitor the effects of drug treatments targeting lipid metabolism or related pathways. Changes in apolipoprotein levels can serve as important indicators of drug efficacy, helping researchers optimize dosing strategies and evaluate therapeutic outcomes. This panel provides a comprehensive view of how specific interventions affect lipid transport and metabolism at the molecular level, contributing to the development of targeted therapies.
In addition to preconfigured panels, we also offer customized analysis services. You can customize your own panel through our customization tool, or directly email us the targets you are interested in. A professional will contact you to discuss the feasibility of customization. We look forward to working with you!
| Protein Target | Description |
|---|---|
| Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) | Main component of HDL, critical for reverse cholesterol transport and cardiovascular health. |
| Apolipoprotein A2 (Apo A2) | Involved in lipid metabolism, contributing to the formation and stability of HDL particles. |
| Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) | Primary apolipoprotein in LDL, essential for lipid transport and a key marker for cardiovascular risk. |
| Apolipoprotein C2 (Apo C2) | Regulates triglyceride metabolism by activating lipoprotein lipase, aiding in lipid clearance from blood. |
| Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) | Facilitates lipid transport and metabolism, particularly in the brain; linked to Alzheimer's and cardiovascular health. |
What are the benefits of using the human apolipoprotein panel over traditional methods like ELISA?
The Human Apolipoprotein Panel utilizes Luminex xMAP technology, which allows for multiplexing—analyzing multiple apolipoproteins simultaneously from a single sample. This not only increases throughput but also reduces sample volume requirements. Compared to traditional ELISA methods, which analyze one analyte at a time, the Luminex assay significantly cuts down on time, labor, and costs—potentially saving up to 50% in overall expenses. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of the Luminex platform ensure accurate quantification of both high- and low-abundance proteins, enhancing the reliability of your research outcomes.
How do I prepare my samples for the human apolipoprotein panel to ensure optimal results?
To ensure the best results, it's crucial to follow specific sample collection and processing protocols. For serum samples, use serum separator tubes, allow clotting for 30 minutes, and centrifuge promptly to remove cells. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as they can degrade protein integrity. Store samples at -80°C until analysis, and transport them on dry ice. For plasma, use EDTA or heparin tubes and centrifuge immediately after collection. Following these guidelines will help maintain sample quality, resulting in more accurate and reproducible data.
What is the typical turnaround time for receiving results from the human apolipoprotein panel analysis?
The typical turnaround time for analysis is generally 1-2 weeks after sample receipt. However, this may vary based on the volume of samples being processed and any specific project requirements. We recommend contacting our customer service team for updates or to discuss expedited options if immediate results are necessary for your research timeline.
What are the detection limits of the Luminex xMAP technology used in the human apolipoprotein panel?
The Luminex xMAP technology used in our Human Apolipoprotein Panel offers exceptional sensitivity, with the ability to detect apolipoproteins at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg/mL. This high sensitivity allows researchers to accurately quantify both high-abundance and low-abundance proteins in complex biological samples, such as serum or plasma, which is particularly important when studying conditions where apolipoprotein levels are expected to be altered.
What should I do if I have specific targets that are not included in the 5-plex panel?
Creative Proteomics offers customized analysis services, allowing you to tailor the panel according to your research needs. You can use our customization tool or directly email us your specific targets of interest. Our team will review your request and discuss the feasibility of developing a custom panel that aligns with your research objectives. This flexibility ensures that you can focus on the most relevant apolipoproteins for your studies.